Hazaragi language
| Hazāragī | ||
|---|---|---|
| هزارگی | ||
| Spoken in | ||
| Region | central Asia | |
| Total speakers | 9,209,794 (Ethnologue) | |
| Language family | Indo-European | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1 | None | |
| ISO 639-2 | ira | |
| ISO 639-3 | haz | |
| Linguasphere | ||
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Hazaragi (Persian: هزارگی - Hazāragī) is a language similar to Persian spoken by the Hazara people of Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. The primary differences between Standard Persian and Hazaragi are the accent[1] and a smaller borrowing of Altaic vocabulary.
Contents |
Development
The history of the language of the Hazara people has been an issue of some debate. Some scholars believe that the Hazara originally spoke a Mongolian language during the time of the Mongol king Babur, who came to Afghanistan in the 16th century. However, Bacon[2] and Schumann[3] believe that the original language of Hazaras was Dari Persian from the beginning. Dulling[4] wrote that the language of Hazaras was a mixed of Persian and Hindi in which Persian took over Hindi in the Middle Ages. Though the early development of Hazara is debated, western travelers in the 18th and 19th century observed the Hazara speaking a language similar to Hazaragi.
Classification
Hazaragi has been classified as both a separate language[5][6] and as a dialect[7] of Persian. It is easily distinguishable from other Persian dialects or languages spoken in Afghanistan.[8] The main difference between Dari and Persian languages with Hazaragi is the presence of Mongolic and Turkic words.[9]
Turkic words in Hazaragi
There are Turkic words in Hazaragi, with slight dialectal differences in various valleys and districts. Some examples are shown below:
| Hazaragi | Turkish | Persian | Meaning in English |
|---|---|---|---|
| aya | aba | modar (maternal parent) / daya (a woman hired to take care of and feed the child after birth) | mother |
| aata | ata | Pedar | father |
| qash | qash | Abrow | eyebrow |
| kirpik | kirpik | mozhe | eyelash |
Mongolian Words In Hazaragi
Linguists have found several words in Hazaragi which they relate to Mongolian words of the same root. Some Mongolian words that are similar to Hazaragi are given in the table below:
| Hazaragi | Mongolian[10] | Persian | Meaning in English |
|---|---|---|---|
| abgha | abaγa | amu/umu | uncle ('paternal uncle') |
| bula | bülü ~ böle | cousin ('cousins whose mothers are sisters') | |
| khatu | qatun | khatun (fem. elder) | elder woman (Mong. 'queen', cp. Mogholi [xɔtʼun] 'woman') |
| elgha | alaγa(n) | palm of hand | |
| nilgha | nilqa | nini/bacha/xord/kudak | baby |
Geographic distribution
Hazaragi is spoken by the Hazara people of central Afghanistan as well as by a large refugee population and Hazara citizen found in northeastern Iran city of Mashad and in parts of Pakistan, such as Quetta.[11] In recent years a substantial population of Hazara refugees have settled in Australia, prompting the department of immigration and citizenship to moves towards an official recognition of Hazaragi language. Currently NAATI (national accreditation authority for translators and interpreters) hold interpreting tests for Hazaragi language, giving it the same level of significance as that of Dari and Pashto.
Hazaragi Academy
A newly established organisation, the Hazaragi Academy, is working on a written form of Hazaragi. The academy publishes a bimonthly Hazaragi magazine, Manji[12], meaning, "convey the message". This academy also supports social and cultural programs for promoting the Hazaragi language.
Examples
| English | Hazaragi | Persian |
|---|---|---|
| Hello | سلام "salâm" | سلام "salâm", درود "droud" |
| Goodbye | خدا حافظ "khuda hâfiz" | خدا حافظ "khuda hâfez" |
| Yes | آری "are" | آری "are" |
| No | نه "na" | نه "na" |
| Please | از خیر خو "az khair kho" | از خیر خوب "Az khair khoob", بی زحمت "bee zahmat" |
| Thank you | خیر بنگری "khair bingari" | خیر بینی "khair bini", سپاسگذارم "sepâsgozaram", |
| come in. | پیش بایین " pish baîn" | پیش بیایین "pish biaîn" |
| Have a seat. | بشین "beshin" | بشین "beshin" |
| Do you speak English? | شمو انگلسی توره گفته متنین؟ "shumo Englisi turah gufteh matanin"? | شما به انگلیسی میتونین گفتگو کنید؟ "shuma be engelisi mitonin gufteh goo konid?" |
| I do not speak English. | مه انگلسی گفته نه متنوم "meh anglisi gufteh na matanum" | من به انگلیسی نمیتوانم گفتگو کنم "man be engelisi nemitavanam gufteh goo konam." |
| I am a Hazara boy. | مه باچے آزره استوم "meh bâche azarah astum" | من بچه هزاره هستم "man bâche hezareh hastam." |
| Which way to Bamiyan? | بامیان ده کدام طرف استه؟ "Bâmiyân dah kudâm taraf asteh"? | بامیان در کدام طرف است؟ "Bâmiyân dar kudâm taraf ast?" |
| Hazaragi is a nice language. | آزرگی یک خوب زیبو استه "Azragi yak khoob ziboo asteh" | هزارگی یک زبان خوب است "Hezaragi yek zaboon khoob ast." |
See also
External links
- Azragi Ghazal By Qadir Nayil
- Hazaragi Poetry "dobaiti" by Ali Baba Taj
- Map of the Hazaragi language in Afghanistan
- Joshua Project - Hazaragi Facts and the People Groups.
References
- ↑ Schurmann, Franz (1962) The Mongols of Afghanistan: An Ethnography of the Moghôls and Related Peoples of Afghanistan Mouton, The Hague, Netherlands, - page 17, OCLC 401634
- ↑ Bacon E: The Hazara Mongols of Afghanistan: A study in social organization, PhD Dissertation, University of California, 1951, page 6.
- ↑ H.F. Schurmann: The Mongols of Afghanistan: an ethnography of the Mongols and related people of Afghanistan, University of California 1962, page 25-26
- ↑ Dulling G. K.: The Hazaragi Dialect of Afghan Persian, Central Asian Research Center, London 1973, page 47
- ↑ Malistani, A. H. Tariq and Gehring, Roman (compilers) (1993) Farhang-i ibtidal-i milli-i Hazarah : bi-inzimam-i tarjamah bih Farsi-i Ingilisi = Hazaragi - Dari/Persian - English: a preliminary glossary A. H. Tariq Malistani, Quetta, OCLC 33814814
- ↑ "Ethnologue Report on Hazaragi"
- ↑ Dulling, G. K. (1973) The Hazaragi dialect of Afghan Persian Central Asian Research Centre, London, OCLC 703532
- ↑ Schurmann, Franz (1962) The Mongols of Afghanistan: An Ethnography of the Moghôls and Related Peoples of Afghanistan Mouton, The Hague, Netherlands, - page 110, OCLC 401634
- ↑ http://www.iranica.com/newsite/
- ↑ Mongolian words as spelled in Mongolian script (see Lessing (ed.) (1995 [1960]): Mongolian English dictionary. Bloomington: Mongolia Society, adapted according to page xiii). When reconstructing protoforms, letters for voiced vowels indicate unvoiced unaspirated and letters for voiceless vowels voiceless aspirated vowels. γ is an allophone of *k and q is an allophone of kʰ according to consonant harmony. (For the reconstruction model, see Svantesson et al. (2005): The phonology of Mongolian. Oxford: Oxford University Press. For an actual reconstruction, Middle Mongolian word forms in other scripts than Mongolian will have to be used as well.)
- ↑ Area Handbook for Afghanistan - Page 77 by Harvey Henry Smith, American University (Washington, D.C.) Foreign Area Studies
- ↑ Ning.com
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